1. Tamu Lhosar (Puspandra)
Nepal is a culturally diverse country. A large number of cultural festivals are celebrated in Nepal every year. Lhosar is a festival celebrated by the indigenous communities of Nepal with enthusiasm and fervor. Unlike other cultural festivals, it is a festival celebrated by many ethnic communities at different times. Lhosar is mainly celebrated by the Tamu (Gurung, Tamang, and Sherpa) communities. Lhosar is the first day of the new year, and each community celebrates it in its own style. The Lhosar celebrated by Tamu is known as "Tolho Lhosar", the Tamang Rasherpas celebrate Sonam Lhosar and Galpo Lhosar respectively.
Tamu is the new year for Lhosar Gurungs and it is celebrated by Tamus on every 15th Poush of the Nepali calendar which falls on December 30 of the English calendar. It is associated with natural phenomena and the morning sunrise of the 15th Poush is the New Year. Poush 15 marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring and is traditionally celebrated by playing 'Ban Bhoj' (Tamu 'Shyo Kan'), joyful songs, dances, and playing traditional games.
Tamu is the new year for Lhosar Gurungs and it is celebrated by Tamus on every 15th Poush of the Nepali calendar which falls on December 30 of the English calendar. It is associated with natural phenomena and the morning sunrise of the 15th Poush is the New Year. Poush 15 marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring and is traditionally celebrated by playing 'Ban Bhoj' (Tamu 'Shyo Kan'), joyful songs, dances, and playing traditional games.
Nowadays, especially in major cities or in urban areas and in the surrounding cities and villages, ethnic organizations are likely to take the initiative to celebrate Lhosar grandly. All the Gurungs gather in a commonplace and various cultural processions, sports programs, interactions, cultural rallies, and cultural events are organized. People dress in traditional costumes, gather in public places, greet each other, and thus celebrate the festival. . In recent years, ethnic groups have been using Lhosar as an opportunity to assert their identity. It is also an important part of the country like other ethnic festivals. Tamu, or Gurung The people of Central Nepal celebrate the New Year "Tamu Lhosar". It's a time of great family gatherings, festivals, and fun cultural events. The main festival takes place on December 30 in Pokhara, Gorkha, Manang, Mustang, Lumjung, Kathmandu, and surrounding towns and villages, which is the 15th day of the month “Poush” in the Gurung calendar. In the Tamu community, people celebrate Lhosar to make the day memorable by greeting each other, singing, and dancing. The festival begins on the last day of the previous year and continues until the first day of the new year. In many villages, Lhosar is celebrated by every Gurung community, not individually. Locals consume rice cereals, ghee, homemade beer and money at major cultural events, colorful parades, songs and dances, performances of humor and skill, and consumption of delicious festive items such as rice-flour sell Roti "pickles", a type of hot and spicy pickle or They collect and cook delicious food. Food shops line the streets for three days in major cities and other areas, and everyone can get a taste of traditional dishes from different regions and every Gurung family. Lhosar is celebrated by other ethnic communities in the Asia region. The word Lhosar consists of two words: Lho and Sar. Loko means year and Sir means new. Lhosar is the new year. Lhosar is also pronounced as Lhochhar in the Tamu community. In the Gurung language, lho means square and chhar means new. Tamu Losar is also a celebration of the cycle of time, weather, and nature. Tamus are nature worshipers.
This is the beginning of the Tamu Sambat or Gurung calendar year. Lhosar also announces a change to ‘Lho’. The Gurungs spend twelve years in the cycle of "Lohokor", each year being given a special name, known as the class "Lho". According to the Eastern astrological system, there are 12 Lhos (rats, cows, tigers, cats, vultures, snakes, horses, sheep, monkeys, birds, dogs, and deer). They celebrate each year as the year of a particular animal or bird. After 12 years, the cycle repeats itself. Therefore, each year a particular animal is marked, and they are grouped in a circle, with 12 animals placed close together in the Tibetan calendar. Lho returns after a cycle of twelve years. Gurungs can easily calculate the class of a person, his age.
2. Dasain (Bijaya Dashami)
Dashain (Badashain, Bijaya Dashami) is a festival that starts in Nepal. It is the longest and most auspicious festival in the annual calendar of Vikram Sambat and Nepal Sambat, which is celebrated by them as well as Nepalis in other countries of the world. It is the most anticipated festival in Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, and the North Indian Mountains. People come from all over the world and from different parts of the country to celebrate together. All government offices, educational institutions, and other offices are closed during the festival. This festival falls in October or November, starting from the Shukla side of the month of Ashwin (bright moon fifteen wings) and ending on the full moon. Of the fifteen days that are celebrated, the most important days are the first, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and fifteenth.
After the state introduced Hinduism to the tribes, Dashain is a major festival for Nepalis which is celebrated across the state for ten days. It occurs in the month of Kartik (October-November). It is celebrated both individually and collectively. In villages, agricultural work is stopped for four days. Just ten days before Dashain, some corn grains are planted in a small earthen pot inside the house and these young plants, leaves, dubo are planted on the back of the male's ears and on the female's hair during the festival. The house is neatly decorated from top to bottom. The Gurungs mix the white vaccine of rice with the curd, while other castes apply the red vaccine, and the elder of the family puts the vaccine on the forehead and blesses him with some money. People then go to the homes of their relatives and the elderly to get vaccinated and honored. Children are happy at this time because of the money given by their elders. There is a lot of feasting among the people and they make this time enjoyable.
Recently, many Gurungs have stopped celebrating Dasain because they are gradually taking their traditional religion or Lama religion as their main religion. Dasain is a Hindu festival of Aryans and is not considered a Gurung or Buddhist festival. However, due to the cultural influence of Hindus, it is celebrated in tens of villages. Unlike the Hindus, the Gurungs wear white tika and red tika on the foreheads of Hindus at such ceremonies and other auspicious occasions.
(iv) Tihar/Bhai Tika(Depawali)
Tihar is a great festival in Nepal. It usually falls in October and November (Kartik). Tihar is Nepal's second-largest festival after Dashain. This festival is known as the Festival of Lights. Lights are the main feature of this festival. Dyes are burned inside and outside the house at night. They burn flowers, paintings, and oil lamps at night. Lakshmi is considered the goddess of fortune or wealth. That is why cows are worshiped as incarnations of Lakshmi. They feed the cows and give them garlands. It is believed that people can have a lot of wealth if Goddess Lakshmi is happy. So the house and surroundings are kept clean, decorated with saya Patri and makhmali garlands. In the evening, Goddess Lakshmi is greeted at home by lighting various oil lamps, wick lamps, colorful electric bulbs, or candles to bring prosperity and goodness.
The third day is the day when the sisters respect the brothers and it is called Bhai Tika. On this day the sisters worship the brothers by placing garlands on their foreheads and garlands. This is done to work for the long life and protection of the brothers. Bhai Tika follows the tradition of a seven-colored tika (saptarangi tika) by placing oil on his hair from an Espace cupper that rubs oil on the dishes. They also present gifts, including sweets, fruits, and other specialty food items. In return, the brother gives his sister cash, clothing, or other items. They join relatives for vaccination, without brothers or sisters. There is a legend that the lord of death, King Yamaraj, went with his sister and stayed there for five days. Her sister gave her a warm welcome and placed a necklace around her neck. She provided delicious food, she wished him peace, progress, and long life. Therefore, the sisters worship Yamaraj before worshiping their brothers at the festival. It is believed that if they worship Yamaraj, the life of the brothers will be extended. It is like this, it is a festival of joy and happiness. Likewise, it is an opportunity to strengthen the bond between brothers and sisters. Although Tihar is also a very Hindu festival, the Gurungs celebrate it because they believe that sisters should be respected and honored.
The main feature of the festival is the Valo or Deusi, which is enthusiastically attended by all, children and adults alike. They also go from village to village to enjoy singing, dancing, and dancing from house to house for money, which is followed by a picnic program for a good social purpose or pleasure purpose. In addition, playing ping pong, celebrating Diwali and playing deus ex machina, eating sweets such as celeriac and other festivals are celebrated.
4. Song and dance
(i) Dohori songs
Gurungs are traditionally known for their humor, bravery, and singing and dancing so to make them happy and enjoyable. The song of Dohori Git is very popular among the Gurungs. It is a folk tune sung in pairs between men and women at festivals and festivals, either as part of a competition or as a form of entertainment. In the early days in the villages, this competition did not end and could carry days at the end, when it ended, the loser had to make surrender to the winner. But today this practice is not prevalent but singing Dohori song is also popular among Gurungs along with dance. It is so widely practiced today that repetitive songs are sung in restaurants and hotels in a commercial setting.
(ii) Ghanto dance & Ghatu dance(Ghatu Nach)
Young girls as young as 12 (pre-pubertal) display the clock and are called saris or ghatonis. They wear traditional Gurung dresses, jewelry, and special headgear. They dance trans-like and chant this extremely cute, swinging, steep, and drowning and then rolling in a squatting position with only hands touching the ground, eyes closed, in a story sung by a group of men, to the beat of a slow double end drum. The language of Ghanto Mantra does not look like modern Gurung or Nepali, maybe it looks like ancient Nepali. This hour may or may not even be understood by the masters who can only say what is generally said about each part. The story tells a long story of a mythical king Parashuram and his queen, various events of their lives, the death of the king and the instability of his queen (sati), and resurrection in her life. This is the most important part of the hour. It is said that if Ghansari cannot be resurrected after singing a song about suicide, he is liable to death. The rest of the story depicts a long and ultimately successful hunting venture behind a gambling game.
There are two types of Ghanto dances, Sati and Barmasya Ghatu. Performed at a fixed time as previously described above, while Burmese can be performed at any time and has not become as rigorously rigorous as the Sati Ghanto dance.
A typical Gurung institution, Ghanto is disappearing, like old people singing songs died; Little girls have less time off from schoolwork, And rich soldiers who used to pay for demonstrations no longer come to the village. However, there is Ghanto dance in Lamjung and Gorkha districts as well.
(iii) Sorathi Dance (Sorati Nach)
It relates to the story of the youngest queen who eventually plans to kill the baby out of jealousy of her daughter and other queens. The baby is thrown into the river but is saved by a fisherman who takes care of the baby as his own. Eventually, the conspiracy unfolds and the mother and daughter are reunited while the culprits are punished. This dance is held for sixteen days and falls between Dasain and Tihar.
(iv) Maruni dance(Maruni Nach)
Maruni dance is one of the traditional dances of the Gurungs performed in the month of Shravan (July-August) and lasts till the month of Poush (December-January). Various Hindu male and female deities are worshiped and ten types of flowers are offered, one of which is dedicated to the goddess Saraswati. At the end of the dance, the flower goddess and Tika are offered and advised to seek blessings from her. The bodies of the dancers go bizarre but they grace the fun in their traditional costumes, the rest play the mandala (drums) and sing in high falsettos that excites everyone present to watch the dance. Dance is on the verge of extinction and efforts are being made to revive and preserve it, especially the Ghale Gurungs of Lamjung, Gorkha's Milim, Ghyachchok, and Barpak.
Gurungs generally enjoy making fun and often such socio-cultural-religious activities provide an opportunity for entertainment and interaction among villagers of all ages. They serve as meeting points, especially for young Gurung youth as these activities take the shape of fairs/fairs that last from a few days to several days. Young people communicate freely and get to know each other, having fun in each other's company
Gurungs generally enjoy making fun and often such socio-cultural-religious activities provide an opportunity for entertainment and interaction among villagers of all ages. They serve as meeting points, especially for young Gurung youth as these activities take the shape of fairs/fairs that last from a few days to several days. Young people communicate freely and get to know each other, having fun in each other's company
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